Abstract: The 355 nm/266 nm picosecond ultraviolet laser, with its extremely short pulse width and extremely high peak power, has shown great application potential in the fields of precision processing, scientific research, medical cosmetology and information technology. In particular, the 355 nm/266 nm picosecond UV laser with high beam quality and high stability plays an important role in the field of semiconductor quantity detection. This article aims to systematically review the working principles, key technologies, research status of 355 nm/266 nm picosecond ultraviolet lasers in recent years, and looks forward to its future development trends.