Abstract: To advance the further development of photoelectric inertial technology and clarify the development approach of photoelectric inertial devices based on fiber optic gyroscope(FOG) technology, this paper investigates the development history and achievements of FOGs and FOG-centered inertial navigation systems both domestically and internationally. It sorts out the technical paths and features of current mainstream FOG products, as well as the industrial layout and application status of FOG-related products worldwide. Additionally, it analyzes the existing challenges and corresponding solutions, and looks ahead to the future development trends of FOG technology, particularly the application prospects of ultra-high precision FOGs and silicon photonics chip-scale FOGs, while discussing the relevant development strategies.